ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pregnancy state affects the immune regulation including physical barrier, innate, and adaptive immunity-related to susceptibility of infections and increasing risk for severe to critical case of COVID-19. Further, high risk of thrombosis becomes a challenge in the management of COVID19 in pregnancy due to the strong association with worse outcome. CASE REPORT: Here, we present three cases of pregnant women infected with COVID-19 pneumonia with different outcomes in maternal and fetal condition related to high-risk thrombosis. Serial inflammatory markers were needed to the early detect the disease progressivity in pregnant women with COVID-19. Further, complete assessment of fetus including reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and chest X-ray must be performed to the early diagnosis of COVID-19 in neonatal whose mother was infected by SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy state affects the immune regulation including physical barrier, innate, and adaptive immunity-related to susceptibility of infections and increasing risk for severe to critical case of COVID-19. Further, high risk of thrombosis becomes a challenge in the management of COVID19 in pregnancy due to the strong association with worse outcome. Although fetal transmission of COVID-19 to fetus remains unclear, complete assessment of fetus including RT-PCR, and chest X-ray must be performed to the early diagnosis of COVID-19 in neonatal whose mother was infected by SARS-CoV-2.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pneumomediastinum is a rare disease associated with barotrauma and uncommonly occurs in viral pneumonia. Although the underlying mechanism of the incidence of pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 patients is not fully understood, barotrauma is the most probable cause. CASE REPORT: We reported a case of a 27-year-old woman with the chief complaint that was shortness of breath and diagnosed with COVID-19 based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction examination. On the 6th day after being admitted to the hospital, suddenly, the intensity of dyspnea was increased with the decrease of oxygen saturation. Computerized tomography of the chest confirmed pneumomediastinum and pneumonia COVID-19. There was no improvement of symptoms after oxygen and steroid administration. Emergency thoracotomy was not performed;yet, and the patient has died. CONCLUSIONS: Although pneumomediastinum is benign disease and self-limited disease, the presents of pneumomediastinum may relate to worse outcomes in COVID-19 infections.
ABSTRACT
This study discusses changes in the open economy model in supporting economic stability after the COVID-19 7H-countries, where the countries are Turkey, Uruguay, Belarus, Kenya, Mongolia, Indonesia, and Mexico. This research uses the simultaneous regression analysis method and ARDL Panel. The study results show that consumption, investment, government spending, and Inflation are open economic models that can support financial stability during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the leading indicators on the panel only affect the Long Run, namely GDP, consumption, and exports. At the same time, for the Short Run, the open economy variables have not been able to become leading indicators of economic stability.